
放气|真空室内的放气是什么
放气 | 真空室内的放气是什么?
Material | Decay constant (α) |
Clean metal surfaces | 1.1-1.2 |
Desorption from surfaces | 1 |
Metals, glasses, and ceramics | 1 |
Polymers | 0.4-0.8 |
Highly porous surfaces | 0.5-0.7 |
Diffusion controlled outgassing from the bulk | 0.5 |
Several methods to reduce outgassing are presented in Table 2.
Method | Material | Effective for | Not Effective for | Vacuum Level | Time |
Wash |
Hot water/solvent, detergent |
Gross/fine contaminants | Grease | Pressures >10-3mbar | < 30 min |
Vapor Degrease | Heated solvent | Gross/fine contaminants, loosely bound heavy molecules | Inaccessible areas, large parts | Order of magnitude reduction in outgassing | < 1 hour |
Blowing | Air, nitrogen or other dry inert gas | Gross/fine contaminants, loosely bound heavy molecules | Grease | < 30 min | |
Chemical Treatment | H2O, HCl, HNO3or HF | Rough surfaces (O2, C, P or Cladsorption) | Order of magnitude reduction in outgassing rate | < 30 min | |
Reactive Gas | O2 or NO for oxidation, H2 or NH3 for reduction | Hydrocarbons, surface reconditioning after atmospheric exposure | Can form unwanted oxides | Reduction in outgassing rate by 50% up to 5 orders of magnitude | 30 min- 2 hours |
Glow Discharge | Ar/5-10%O2, Ar, O2, N2, H2,… | C or O based molecules, large surface areas, reconditioning after atmospheric exposure | Large components | 13 x reduction in outgassing rate | ~ 2 hours |
Passive Coating | Si, TiN, BN, Al2O3,ZrO3 | H2 from metals, CO, CO2, H2O | 0.1-100 x reduction in H2outgassing | Depends on size | |
Active Coating | Hf, Zr, Ti, Pd, V and combination | H2, H2O, CO, O2, N2, small spaces | Hydrocarbons, inert gas, continual operation (needs re-activation and replacement) | Outgassing reduced to <10−13 with no bake | Depends on size |
Vacuum Bake | Metals, UHV, H2O | Temperature sensitive components | Reduces outgassing of H2to<10−14 | 2-400 hours | |
Air Bake | Air | Stainless steel, aluminum, H2, CO, CO2, CH4 | Plastic, cadmium plating, temperature sensitive components | Reduces outgassing of H2to<10−14 | 2-400 hours |
References
Read the following article for more on outgassing topic:- [1] A. Jilani, M. S. Abdel-wahab, and A. HosnyHammad, “Advance Deposition Techniques for Thin Film and Coating”, in Modern Technologies for Creating the Thin-film Systems and Coatings. London, United Kingdom: IntechOpen, 2017 [Online]. Available: https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/52684 doi: 10.5772/65702
- [2] A. Roth, Vacuum Technology, Third Edition, Elsevier, North Holland (2012)
- [3] A Review of Outgassing and Methods for its Reduction, Appl. Sci. Converg. Technol. 26(5): 95-109 (2017) http://dx.doi.org/10.5757/ASCT.2017.26.5.95
- Outgassing rate of different materials and its measurement methods, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 8, Issue 4, April-2017, ISSN 2229-5518
- https://www.shinmaywa.co.jp/vac/english/vacuum/vacuum_2.html
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